@article{ref1,
title="Post-traumatic stress symptoms among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone: Follow-up study",
journal="British journal of psychiatry",
year="2013",
author="Betancourt, Theresa S. and Newnham, Elizabeth A. and McBain, Ryan and Brennan, Robert T.",
volume="203",
number="3",
pages="196-202",
abstract="Background: Former child soldiers are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the trajectory of symptoms has yet to be examined.  Aims: The risk and protective factors associated with PTSD symptom change among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone were investigated.  Method: Data from 243 former child soldiers (mean age 16.6 years, 30% female) were analysed.  Results: Self-reported rates of possible PTSD using standard cut-off points declined from 32% to 16% 4 years later (P<0.05). Symptoms of PTSD at baseline were significantly associated with war experiences (P<0.01) and post-conflict family abuse (P<0.001). Reliable improvement in symptoms was reported by 30%. In growth models examining symptom change, worsening of symptoms was associated with death of a parent (P<0.05) and post-conflict stigma (P<0.001). Protective effects were observed for increases in family acceptance (P<0.001).  Conclusions: The findings indicated improvement in PTSD symptoms among former child soldiers despite limited access to care. Family and community support played a vital part in promoting psychological adjustment.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-1250",
doi="10.1192/bjp.bp.112.113514",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.113514"
}