@article{ref1,
title="Predicting risk in patients with acetaminophen overdose",
journal="Expert review of gastroenterology and hepatology",
year="2013",
author="James, Laura P. and Gill, Prit and Simpson, Pippa",
volume="7",
number="6",
pages="509-512",
abstract="Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a very common cause of drug overdose and acute liver failure in the US and Europe. Mechanism-based biomarkers of APAP toxicity have the potential to improve the clinical management of patients with large-dose ingestions of APAP. The current approach to the management of APAP toxicity is limited by imprecise and time-constrained risk assessments and late-stage markers of liver injury. A recent study of 'low-risk' APAP overdose patients who all received treatment with N-acetylcysteine found that cell death biomarkers were more sensitive than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and APAP concentrations in predicting the development of acute liver injury. The data suggest a potential role for new biomarkers to identify 'low-risk' patients following APAP overdose. However, a practical and ethical consideration that complicates predictive biomarker research in this area is the clinical need to deliver antidote treatment within 10 h of APAP overdose. The treatment effect and time-dependent nature of N-acetylcysteine treatment must be considered in future 'predictive' toxicology studies of APAP-induced liver injury.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1747-4124",
doi="10.1586/17474124.2013.814901",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/17474124.2013.814901"
}