@article{ref1,
title="Incidence of sport-related traumatic brain injury and risk factors of severity: a population-based epidemiologic study",
journal="Annals of epidemiology",
year="2013",
author="Selassie, Anbesaw Wolde and Wilson, Dulaney A. and Pickelsimer, E. Elisabeth and Voronca, Delia C. and Williams, Nolan R. and Edwards, Jonathan C.",
volume="23",
number="12",
pages="750-756",
abstract="PURPOSE: Few studies of sport-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) are population-based or rely on directly observed data on cause, demographic characteristics, and severity. This study addresses the epidemiology of sport-related TBI in a large population.   METHODS: Data on all South Carolina hospital and emergency department encounters for TBI, 1998-2011, were analyzed. Annual incidence rate of sport-related TBI was calculated, and rates were compared across demographic groups. Sport-related TBI severity was modeled as a function of demographic and TBI characteristics using logistic regression.   RESULTS: A total of 16,642 individuals with sport-related TBI yielded an average annual incidence rate of 31.5/100,000 population with a steady increase from 19.7 in 1998 to 45.6 in 2011. The most common mechanisms of sport-related TBI were kicked in football (38.1%), followed by fall injuries in sports (20.3%). Incidence rate was greatest in adolescents ages 12-18 (120.6/100,000/persons). Severe sport-related TBI was strongly associated with off-road vehicular sport (odds ratio [OR], 4.73; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.92-7.67); repeated head trauma (OR, 4.36; 95% CI, 3.69-5.15); equestrian sport (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.64-4.51); and falls during sport activities (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.67-4.46).   CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of sport-related TBI in youth, potential for repetitive mild TBI, and its long-term consequences on learning warrants coordinated surveillance activities and population-based outcome studies.  Keywords: American football; Soccer; ATVs; All Terrain Vehicles; Equestrian sports; Rodeo; Horses; Falls<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1047-2797",
doi="10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.07.022",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.07.022"
}