@article{ref1,
title="The impact of pedestrian countdown signals on pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions: A reanalysis of data from a quasi-experimental study",
journal="Injury prevention",
year="2014",
author="Richmond, Sarah A. and Willan, Andrew R. and Rothman, Linda and Camden, Andi and Buliung, Ron and Macarthur, Colin and Howard, Andrew William",
volume="20",
number="3",
pages="155-158",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To perform a more sophisticated analysis of previously published data that advances the understanding of the efficacy of pedestrian countdown signal (PCS) installation on pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions (PMVCs), in the city of Toronto, Canada.   METHODS: This is an updated analysis of the same dataset from Camden et al. A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of PCS on PMVC. A Poisson regression analysis, using a one-group comparison of PMVC, pre-PCS installation to post-PCS installation was used, controlling for season and temporal effects. The outcome was the frequency of reported PMVC (January 2000-December 2009). Similar models were used to analyse specific types of collisions defined by age of pedestrian, injury severity, and pedestrian and vehicle action. Incidence rate ratios with 95% CI are presented.   RESULTS: This analysis included 9262 PMVC, 2760 during or after PCS installation, at 1965 intersections. There was a 26% increase in the rate of collisions, pre to post-PCS installation (incidence rate ratio=1.26, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.42).   CONCLUSIONS: The installation of PCS at 1965 signalised intersections in the city of Toronto resulted in an increase in PMVC rates post-PCS installation. PCSs may have an unintended consequence of increasing pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions in some settings.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1353-8047",
doi="10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040717",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040717"
}