@article{ref1,
title="The Immediate Effects of Homicidal, Suicidal, and Nonviolent Heavy Metal and Rap Songs in the Moods of College Students",
journal="Youth and society",
year="1995",
author="Ballard, Mary E. and Coates, Steven",
volume="27",
number="2",
pages="148-168",
abstract="The authors examined the impact of homicidal, suicidal, and nonviolent heavy metal and rap songs on the moods of male undergraduates under the guise of administering a memory for lyrics test. Subjects heard one of six songs and completed a memory task. Subjects completed several mood inventories as part of a &quot;second study.&quot; There were no effects of song content or music type on suicidal ideation, anxiety, or self-esteem The nonviolent rap song elicited higher Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores than the violent rap songs. And, rap songs elicited significantly more angry responses than heavy metal songs. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Youth and Society, 1995. Copyright © 1995 by SAGE Publications)College Student ResearchAdult MaleMusic ViolenceMusic EffectsMedia Violence EffectsSuicidal IdeationProgram-Film ContentContent AnalysisAdult DepressionAdult AngerMale DepressionMale Anger03-01<p />",
language="en",
issn="0044-118X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}