@article{ref1,
title="PTSD Symptom Severity as a Predictor of Cue-Elicited Drug Craving in Victims of Violent Crime",
journal="Addictive behaviors",
year="2003",
author="Saladin, Michael E. and Drobes, David J. and Coffey, Scott F. and Dansky, Bonnie S. and Brady, Kathleen T. and Kilpatrick, Dean G.",
volume="28",
number="9",
pages="1611-1629",
abstract="This study examined posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity as a predictor of cue-elicited craving among alcohol- and cocaine-dependent individuals with a history of at least one physical and/or sexual assault. Approximately half of the sample had current PTSD. Severity of PTSD symptoms was measured via the Impact of Events ScaleññRevised (IES-R) total severity score. Subjects listened to four trials of a brief narrative imagery script followed by the presentation of an in vivo cue. The script presentation consisted of a description of either the subject's worst traumatic event or a neutral scene. The in vivo cues consisted of the presentation of either the subject's preferred drug or neutral cues. Craving was measured in response to both the script and in vivo cues. Results indicated a high degree of correlation between self-report craving and (a) PTSD symptom severity, (b) type of substance use disorder (SUD) [alcohol dependence (AD) vs. cocaine dependence (CD)], and (c) sex and race of participant. A series of stepwise multiple regressions indicated that PTSD severity was significantly predictive of trauma cue-elicited craving and drug cue-elicited craving. The results are discussed in the context of current research, theory, and clinical practice. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Addictive Behaviors, 2003. Copyright © 2003 by Elsevier Science)Victim Substance UseAlcohol Use CausesDrug Use CausesSubstance Use CausesSexual Assault EffectsSexual Assault VictimPhysical Assault EffectsPhysical Assault VictimCrime EffectsCrime VictimViolence VictimViolence EffectsAdult Substance UseAdult VictimAdult MaleAdult FemaleFemale VictimFemale Substance UseMale VictimMale Substance UsePost Traumatic Stress DisorderPsychological Victimization EffectsViolence Against Women02-04<p />",
language="en",
issn="0306-4603",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}