@article{ref1,
title="Race and the War on Crime: The Sociopolitical Determinants of Municipal Police Expenditures in 90 Non-Southern U.S. Cities",
journal="American sociological review",
year="1981",
author="Jackson, Pamela Irving and Carroll, Leo",
volume="46",
number="3",
pages="290-305",
abstract="Three variables suggested by conflict theory--the racial composition of the city, the level of black mobilization activity, and the frequency of riots in the 1960s--are used as independent predictors of municipal policing expenditures in 1971. A simultaneous model which recognizes the interdependence of the police expenditure function with the crime and total city revenue functions is tested using data for a sample of 90 U.S. cities. Racial composition and the level of black mobilization activity were significant predictors of municipal policing expenditures. Race-related variables appear to have had a greater effect on police capital expenditures than on expenditures for salaries and operations. (abstract Adapted from Source: American Sociological Review, 1981. Copyright © 1981 by the American Sociological Association)Conflict Theory1960s1970sRacial FactorsPolice ResponsePolice InterventionLaw Enforcement InterventionCrime InterventionAfrican American CrimeAfrican American OffenderRacial DiscriminationRiot07-02<p />",
language="en",
issn="0003-1224",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}