@article{ref1,
title="Association Between Behaviour at Age 3 Years and Adult Criminality",
journal="British journal of psychiatry",
year="2001",
author="Stevenson, Jim and Goodman, Robert",
volume="179",
number="3",
pages="197-202",
abstract="Background. The continuity in antisocial behaviour into adulthood  from middle childhood is well established but it is not clear whether this is also true of the pre-school period.Aims. To determine whether pre-school behaviour problems increase the risk of later criminal convictions and add to risk associated with family and social circumstances.Method. The records of adult convictions were traced for a general population sample (n=828) initially assessed at age 3 years.Results. The risk of having any adult conviction was related to soiling, daytime enuresis, activity level and management difficulties, and that of having an adult violent offence to recent-onset daytime enuresis, management difficulties and temper tantrums. The only other predictors of later convictions were the child's gender and social competence at age 3 years.Conclusions. The presence of specific behaviour problems in the pre-school period places the child at increased risk of being convicted of an adult offence. Family and social circumstances at age 3 years did not predict later convictions. (Abstract Adapted from Source: British Journal of Psychiatry, 2001. Copyright © 2001 by the Royal College of Psychiatrists)Early ChildhoodChild BehaviorAdult CrimeAdult OffenderCrime CausesChild Antisocial BehaviorChild Problem BehaviorEnuresisFamily RelationsSociocultural FactorsEnglandForeign CountriesLife CourseBehavior Effects10-01<p />",
language="en",
issn="0007-1250",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}