@article{ref1,
title="Long-Term Effects of Child Punishment on Mexican Women",
journal="Child abuse and neglect",
year="2002",
author="Frias-Armenta, Martha",
volume="26",
number="4",
pages="371-386",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate long-term effects of parental use of physical and verbal punishment on Mexican women. To study both direct and indirect effects of these phenomena, a structural model was developed and tested.METHOD: One hundred and fifty Mexican women were interviewed with regard to their history of child abuse, their level of depression, alcohol use, antisocial behavior, and punishment of their own children. Factors representing such constructs were specified within a structural equation model and their inter-relations were estimated. Women's history of abuse was considered as an exogenous latent variable directly affecting three other factors: mothers' antisocial behavior, their alcohol consumption, and their levels of depression or anxiety. These factors, in turn, were specified as influencing mothers' harsh discipline of their own children.RESULTS: Data supported this model, indicating that a history of abuse has long-term effects on women's behavior and psychological functioning, which in turn cause women's punitive behavior against their children.CONCLUSIONS: These results are discussed in terms of the theoretical framework of intergenerational transmission of violence. The direct consequences (depression, anxiety, alcohol consumption, and antisocial behavior) of child punishment act as risk factors for the next generation of child abuse. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Child Abuse & Neglect, 2002. Copyright © 2002 by Elsevier Science)MexicoForeign CountriesChild Abuse EffectsChild Abuse VictimChild Emotional Abuse EffectsChild Emotional Abuse VictimChild Physical Abuse EffectsChild Physical Abuse VictimChild FemaleChild VictimFemale VictimParental PunishmentLong-Term EffectsPsychological Victimization EffectsAdult FemaleAdult SurvivorHispanic AdultHispanic ChildHispanic FemaleHispanic VictimVictim DepressionVictim Substance UseAdult Substance UseAdult DepressionDepression CausesSubstance Use CausesAlcohol Use CausesAdult Antisocial BehaviorAdult BehaviorBehavior CausesAdult AdjustmentVictim AdjustmentParental DisciplinePhysical PunishmentEmotional AdjustmentIntergenerational Transmission of Child AbuseIntergenerational Transmission of Violence09-02<p />",
language="en",
issn="0145-2134",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}