@article{ref1,
title="A Systematic Review of School-Based Smoking Prevention Trials with Long-Term Follow-Up",
journal="Journal of Adolescent Health",
year="2005",
author="Rivara, Frederick P. and Ebel, Beth E. and Christakis, Dimitri A. and Garrison, Michelle M. and Wiehe, Sarah E.",
volume="36",
number="3",
pages="162-169",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Several systematic reviews of school-based smoking prevention trials have shown short-term decreases in smoking prevalence but have not examined long-term follow-up evaluation. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of rigorously evaluated interventions for school-based smoking prevention with long-term follow-up data.METHODS: We searched online bibliographic databases and reference lists from review articles and selected studies. We included all school-based, randomized, controlled trials of smoking prevention with follow-up evaluation to age 18 or 12th grade and at least 1 year after intervention ended, and that had smoking prevalence as a primary outcome. The primary outcome was current smoking prevalence (defined as at least 1 cigarette in the past month).RESULTS: The abstracts or full-text articles of 177 relevant studies were examined, of which 8 met the selection criteria. The 8 articles included studies differing in intervention intensity, presence of booster sessions, follow-up periods, and attrition rates. Only one study showed decreased smoking prevalence in the intervention group.CONCLUSIONS: Few studies have evaluated the long-term impact of school-based smoking prevention programs rigorously. Among the 8 programs that have follow-up data to age 18 or 12th grade, we found little to no evidence of long-term effectiveness. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Journal of Adolescent Health, 2005. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Science)School BasedLong-Term EffectsSmokingTobacco Use PreventionChild Substance UseJuvenile Substance UseSubstance Use PreventionProgram EffectivenessProgram Evaluation03-05<p />",
language="en",
issn="1054-139X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}