@article{ref1,
title="Bullying in the Indian workplace: A study of the ITES-BPO sector",
journal="Economic and industrial democracy",
year="2013",
author="D'Cruz, Premilla and Rayner, Charlotte",
volume="34",
number="4",
pages="597-619",
abstract="This article reports on an empirical enquiry undertaken in India's ITES-BPO (offshoring-outsourcing) sector to ascertain the presence of workplace bullying, the influence of sociocultural factors, the nature of bullying categories and the availability and use of extra-organizational redressal options. Survey data, gathered through structured interviews incorporating the Work Harassment Scale, conducted with 1036 respondents located in six cities, showed that 44.3% of the sample experienced bullying, with 19.7% reporting moderate and severe levels. In keeping with India's hierarchical society, superiors emerged as the predominant source of bullying, displaying task-focused behaviours. Yet, the presence of 'cross-level co-bullying' where a personal focus was emphasized points to the role of identity-based affiliations intrinsic to India's ethos. Key informant data, gathered through unstructured interviews with lawyers/legal activists, labour commissioners and trade unionists/labour activists and thematically analysed, underscored the influence of professional self-identity, career interests and a dysfunctional judicial system in targets' choice of extra-organizational options.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0143-831X",
doi="10.1177/0143831X12452672",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831X12452672"
}