@article{ref1,
title="Perception of recovery after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury is influenced by the "good old days" bias: Tangible implications for clinical practice and outcomes research",
journal="Archives of clinical neuropsychology",
year="2014",
author="Crawford, Susan and Turley, Brenda and Kadoura, Basil and Barlow, Karen M. and Mikrogianakis, Angelo and Brooks, Brian L.",
volume="29",
number="2",
pages="186-193",
abstract="Recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is primarily based on the resolution of post-concussive symptoms back to a premorbid level. However, the &quot;good old days&quot; bias means fewer premorbid symptoms are retrospectively recalled, thus skewing the determination of recovery relative to pre-injury. The objectives of this study were to investigate the &quot;good old days&quot; bias in pediatric mTBI and demonstrate the implications of this bias on perceived recovery. Children and adolescents 2-18 years old (mean = 10.9, SD = 4.4, N = 412) were recruited after sustaining an mTBI. Ratings of premorbid symptoms were provided: (a) in the Emergency Department (ED; by parents), (b) retrospectively at a 1-month follow-up (by parents and adolescents), and (c) retrospectively at a 3-month follow-up (by parents and adolescents). Parent ratings of premorbid symptoms decreased by 80% from the ED to 1-month post-injury (p < .001) but were stable from 1 to 3 months post-injury (p < .05). Adolescents premorbid ratings declined from 1 to 3 months post-injury. Slow recovery did not have a differential impact on premorbid reporting. Using premorbid ratings obtained in the ED, instead of retrospective symptom reporting at the time of follow-up, suggests that a significant minority of patients believed to be &quot;not recovered&quot; actually have the &quot;same or lower&quot; symptom ratings at 1 (29%) and 3 months (41%) post-injury compared with before the injury. The &quot;good old days&quot; bias is present in pediatric mTBI by 1-month post-injury, influences retrospective symptom reporting, and has measureable implications for determining recovery in research and clinical practice.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0887-6177",
doi="10.1093/arclin/act083",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/act083"
}