@article{ref1,
title="Experiences of community and parental violence among HIV-positive young racial/ethnic minority men who have sex with men",
journal="AIDS care",
year="2014",
author="Phillips, Gregory and Hightow-Weidman, Lisa B. and Fields, Sheldon D. and Giordano, Thomas P. and Outlaw, Angulique Y. and Halpern-Felsher, Bonnie and Wohl, Amy R.",
volume="26",
number="7",
pages="827-834",
abstract="Adolescents and young adults (ages 13-24) in the USA are frequently exposed to violence in their community and home. While studies have examined the prevalence and impact of violence exposure among adolescents, there is a lack of data focusing specifically on adolescent men of color who have sex with men. Eight demonstration sites funded through a Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Initiative recruited 363 HIV-positive racial/ethnic minority young men who have sex with men (YMSM) for a longitudinal study between 2006 and 2009. Over two-thirds of participants (83.8%) had witnessed community violence, 55.1% in the prior three months. Witnessing violence committed with a deadly weapon was significantly associated with being African-American, having ever used drugs, and drinking alcohol in the prior two weeks. Fear of violence in the community was significantly associated with depressive symptomatology, having less than a high school degree, not possessing health insurance, and site of enrollment. Having been emotionally or physically abused by a parent or caretaker was significantly associated with depressive symptomatology, attempting suicide, site of enrollment, and increased age. Witnessing violence with a deadly weapon was significantly associated with alcohol and drug use but not with high-risk sexual behaviors. As this was one of the first studies on the prevalence and correlates of violence exposure among racial/ethnic minority YMSM living with HIV, the findings can be used to inform the development of culturally appropriate resilience-focused interventions to address the aftereffects of violence exposures and help develop social support systems outside of the family.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0954-0121",
doi="10.1080/09540121.2013.861571",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.861571"
}