@article{ref1,
title="Safety evaluation for expressways: A comparative study for macroscopic and microscopic indicators",
journal="Traffic injury prevention",
year="2014",
author="Qu, Xiaobo and Kuang, Yan and Oh, Erwin and Jin, Sheng",
volume="15",
number="1",
pages="89-93",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This article is to assess the performance of 3 macroscopic safety indicators (speed, speed dispersion, and volume) and two microscopic potential crash risks (time to collision and deceleration rate to avoid crash) on safety evaluation for expressways.   METHODS: Field data were collected at 3 locations for 4 different time periods on an expressway in Beijing, China. The speed of each vehicle, headway time, and vehicle length were recorded by a traffic management system. The 5 safety indicators were thus calibrated on the basis of the collected data. Further, consistency and comparative analyses were applied to assess the performance of indicators.   RESULTS: According to the analyses, speed dispersion was a better predictor of the two microscopic potential risks compared to the two macroscopic indicators.   CONCLUSIONS: Speed dispersion is recommended to proactively assess road safety because (1) it provides consistent risk evaluation with microscopic potential risks and (2) it makes data collection easier.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1538-9588",
doi="10.1080/15389588.2013.782400",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2013.782400"
}