@article{ref1,
title="Healthy and maladjusted Type A behavior in adolescents",
journal="Journal of youth and adolescence",
year="1990",
author="Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. and Räikkönen, K.",
volume="19",
number="1",
pages="1-18",
abstract="The dimensions of Type A behavior were studied in 990 randomly selected adolescents and their conceptualization was clarified in terms of achievement striving, self-concept, and sense of control. The methods used were the AFMS to evaluate Type A behavior, the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale, and Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory. Achievement striving was assessed using the questionnaire designed for this study. It was revealed that Type A consisted of two independent dimensions, both adding an equal contribution to the total score. One was an impatient, aggressive competitiveness related to a low self-esteem, low self-set achievement standards, and external locus of control. The other Type A exhibited competitiveness related to a sense of responsibility, leadership, social activity, high achievement striving, and high self-esteem. These factors may distinguish maladjusted competitiveness from healthy ambition and suggest that it is important to distinguish risk Type A individuals from Type A's who are potential leaders in society.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0047-2891",
doi="10.1007/BF01539441",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539441"
}