@article{ref1,
title="Interventions to reduce the number of falls among older adults with/without cognitive impairment: An exploratory meta-analysis",
journal="International journal of geriatric psychiatry",
year="2014",
author="Guo, Jong-Long and Tsai, Yi-Ying and Liao, Jung-Yu and Tu, Hsiu-Mei and Huang, Chiu-Mieh",
volume="29",
number="7",
pages="661-669",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This exploratory meta-analysis aimed to examine and compare the effective interventions to prevent falls among institutionalized/non-institutionalized older adults without cognitive impairment with interventions to prevent falls for older adults with cognitive impairment.   DESIGN: A database search identified 111 trials published between January 1992 and August 2012 that evaluated fall-prevention interventions among institutionalized/non-institutionalized older adults with and without cognitive impairment as measured by valid cognition scales.   RESULTS: Exercise alone intervention was similar effective on reducing the numbers of falls among older adults without cognitive impairment regardless of setting (non-institutionalized: OR = 0.783, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.656-0.936; p = 0.007 institutionalized: OR = 0.799, 95% CI = 0.646-0.988, p = 0.038). Vitamin D/calcium supplementation had a positive effect on the reduction of numbers of falls among non-institutionalized older adults without cognitive impairment (OR = 0.789, 95% CI = 0.631-0.985, p = 0.036), as did home visits and environment modification (OR = 0.751, 95% CI = 0.565-0.998, p = 0.048). Exercise alone, exercise-related multiple interventions, and multifactorial interventions were associated with positive outcomes among both institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults with cognitive impairment, but studies are limited.   CONCLUSIONS: Single exercise interventions can significantly reduce numbers of falls among older adults with and without cognitive impairment in institutional or non-institutional settings. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation, home visits, and environment modification can reduce the risk of falls among older adults in non-institutional settings. Exercise-related multiple interventions and multifactorial interventions may only be effective for preventing falls in older adults with cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-6230",
doi="10.1002/gps.4056",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.4056"
}