@article{ref1,
title="Empirical analysis of software-induced failure events in the nuclear industry",
journal="Safety science",
year="2013",
author="Fan, Chin-Feng and Yih, Swu and Tseng, Wan-Hui and Chen, Wei-Chih",
volume="57",
number="",
pages="118-128",
abstract="Lessons from safety-critical anomalies during operation provide important information for constructing safer systems. To assist anomaly analysis, this research develops an integrated Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) model to analyze causal scenarios and a Three-Frame Mode model to analyze the working mode inconsistencies of failure cases. The models are used to analyze 180 digital Instrumentation and Control (I&C) failure events from the operation of nuclear power plants. The results confirm software engineering principles and show that software faults and human errors are inevitable in complex systems; therefore, recovery should be emphasized and planned.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0925-7535",
doi="10.1016/j.ssci.2013.02.001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.02.001"
}