@article{ref1,
title="A cognitive engineering approach to improving signalized left turn intersections",
journal="Human factors",
year="1991",
author="Fisk, A. D. and Staplin, Loren K.",
volume="33",
number="5",
pages="559-571",
abstract="This research evaluated the effect of providing advanced left turn information to individuals faced with deciding whether or not it is safe to turn at a signalized intersection. Younger (mean age 37 years) and older (mean age 71 years) drivers were tested in simulations of approaching an intersection with and without advanced cueing. Experiment 1 used a featureless background; Experiment 2 used an animated presentation of traffic control displays. In both experiments the subjects had to determine whether or not they had right-of-way to make a left turn. Exaggerated error rates and increased decision latencies for displays conveying unprotected turn status occurred in both studies. Cueing drivers with advanced notice of the decision rule through a redundant upstream posting of sign elements improved both accuracy and latency of younger and older drivers' decisions.",
language="",
issn="0018-7208",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}