@article{ref1,
title="Tracing the Historical Origins of Youth Delinquency and Violence: Myths and Realities About Black Culture",
journal="Journal of Social Issues",
year="2003",
author="Cross, William E.",
volume="59",
number="1",
pages="67-82",
abstract="The negative effects of slavery have been theoretically linked to contemporary problems faced by African Americans, such as family instability, low achievement motivation, and high rates of juvenile delinquency and youth violence. Combining historical, sociological, and psychological materials, the current analysis argues that Blacks exited slavery with the necessary social capital, inclusive of proactive family attitudes and patterns as well as high achievement motivation, for rapid acculturation into mainstream America. Shifting to the present, it is shown that the co-existence of high Black crime rates and Black cultural integrity are not contradictory, especially when systemic forces neutralize or undermine the ameliorative potential of Black culture.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0022-4537",
doi="10.1111/1540-4560.t01-1-00005",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.t01-1-00005"
}