@article{ref1,
title="Liver Injury is Common Among Chronic Abusers of Ketamine",
journal="Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology",
year="2014",
author="Wong, Grace Lai-Hung and Tam, Yuk-Him and Ng, Chi-Fai and Chan, Anthony Wing-Hung and Choi, Paul Cheung-Lung and Chu, Winnie Chiu-Wing and Lai, Paul Bo-San and Chan, Henry Lik-Yuen and Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun",
volume="12",
number="10",
pages="1759-620",
abstract="Abuse of ketamine abuse leads to liver injury. We investigated the histopathologic and radiologic features of ketamine abusers with significant liver injury in a cross-sectional survey of 297 consecutive chronic abusers of ketamine with urinary tract dysfunction. Liver biopsy and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreato-graphy (MRCP) were performed in patients with liver injury (concentrations of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and/or alanine aminotransferase >2-fold the upper limit of normal). The prevalence of liver injury was 9.8% (all cases cholestatic). Bile duct injury was observed in all 7 patients assessed by liver biopsy. Two patients had bridging fibrosis despite their young age. Three of 6 patients who underwent MRCP examination were found to have prominent or dilated common bile ducts, without obstructions or extrinsic compressions. Ketamine abuse therefore appears to lead to common bile duct dilatation, microscopic bile duct injury, and even significant liver fibrosis.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1542-3565",
doi="10.1016/j.cgh.2014.01.041",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2014.01.041"
}