@article{ref1,
title="Refining the Assessment of Hopelessness: An Improved Way to Look to the Future",
journal="Death studies",
year="2013",
author="Fisher, Lauren B. and Overholser, James C.",
volume="37",
number="3",
pages="212-227",
abstract="Despite its high sensitivity, the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) has demonstrated low specificity, has an ambiguous factor structure, and includes inadequate items. The current study examined the psychometric properties of a modified BHS (mBHS) using a Likert scale format that would allow for improved reliability, validity, and clinical utility. Measures of hopelessness and depression were administered to 116 undergraduates. The mBHS demonstrated reliability over 10 weeks ( r  = .78) and internal consistency (α = .91). The BHS and mBHS were similarly effective in identifying suicidal ideation. The mBHS provides clinicians with a simple alternative for assessing hopelessness and suicide risk.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0748-1187",
doi="10.1080/07481187.2011.628437",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2011.628437"
}