@article{ref1,
title="Neurophysiological pharmacodynamic measures of groups and individuals extended from simple cognitive tasks to more "lifelike" activities",
journal="Clinical neurophysiology",
year="2013",
author="Gevins, Alan S. and Chan, Cynthia S. and Jiang, An and Sam-Vargas, Lita",
volume="124",
number="5",
pages="870-880",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Extend a method to track neurophysiological pharmacodynamics during repetitive cognitive testing to a more complex &quot;lifelike&quot; task. METHODS: Alcohol was used as an exemplar psychoactive substance. An equation, derived in an exploratory analysis to detect alcohol's EEGs effects during repetitive cognitive testing, was validated in a Confirmatory Study on a new group whose EEGs after alcohol and placebo were recorded during working memory testing and while operating an automobile driving simulator. RESULTS: The equation recognized alcohol by combining five times beta plus theta power. It worked well (p < .0001) when applied to both tasks in the confirmatory group. The maximum EEG effect occurred 2-2.5 h after drinking (>1 h after peak BAC) and remained at 90% at 3.5-4 h (BAC < 50% of peak). Individuals varied in the magnitude and timing of the EEG effect. CONCLUSION: The equation tracked the EEG response to alcohol in the Confirmatory Study during both repetitive cognitive testing and a more complex &quot;lifelike&quot; task. The EEG metric was more sensitive to alcohol than several autonomic physiological measures, task performance measures or self-reports. SIGNIFICANCE: Using EEG as a biomarker to track neurophysiological pharmacodynamics during complex &quot;lifelike&quot; activities may prove useful for assessing how drugs affect integrated brain functioning.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1388-2457",
doi="10.1016/j.clinph.2012.10.013",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2012.10.013"
}