@article{ref1,
title="Repeal of the Michigan helmet law: early clinical impacts",
journal="American journal of surgery",
year="2014",
author="Chapman, Alistair J. and Titus, Rachel and Ferenchick, Hannah and Davis, Alan and Rodriguez, Carlos",
volume="207",
number="3",
pages="352-356",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Michigan repealed a 35-year mandatory helmet law on April 13, 2012. We examined the early clinical impacts at a level 1 trauma center in West Michigan. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study comparing outcomes among motorcycle crash victims in a 7-month period before and after the helmet law repeal. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-two patients were included. After the repeal, nonhelmeted motorcyclists rose from 7% to 29% (P < .01). There was no difference in mortality rate after admission; however, crash scene fatalities increased significantly. Intensive care unit length of stay, mechanical ventilation time, and cost of stay were also higher in the nonhelmeted cohort (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the negative ramifications of repealing a mandatory helmet law. Motorcyclists not wearing helmets increased significantly in a short period of time. Nonhelmeted motorcyclists more frequently died on the scene, spent more time in the intensive care unit, required longer ventilator support, and had higher medical costs.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-9610",
doi="10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.12.001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.12.001"
}