@article{ref1,
title="Risk factors for body region specific injuries in skiers and snowboarders",
journal="British journal of sports medicine",
year="2014",
author="Romanow, Nicole T. R. and Pfister, K. and Rowe, Brian H. and Emery, Carolyn A. and Meeuwisse, Wh and Nettel-Aguirre, A. and Goulet, C. and Russell, K. and McRae, A. and Lang, E. and Hagel, Brent Edward",
volume="48",
number="7",
pages="654-655",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Little is known about risk factors (e.g., wrist guards, binding adjustment, equipment ownership) for body region specific skiing/snowboarding injuries. OBJECTIVE: Identify risk factors for body region specific injuries and severe injuries in skiers/snowboarders. DESIGN: Case-control study using emergency department (ED) interviews, ski patrol Accident Report Forms (ARF), and ski area interviews. Severe injury cases presented to the ED. Non-severe injury cases presented to the ski patrol. Controls were uninjured skiers/snowboarders. SETTING: An urban ski area and 2 EDs in Alberta, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Injured skiers/snowboarders who saw the ski patrol (n=552) or went to one of the study EDs (n=192). Controls were interviewed at the ski area (n=914). RISK FACTOR ASSESSMENT: Risk factor data were collected by interview and from ARFs. Injury outcomes were determined from the ED chart or ARF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Body region categories were: lower extremities, upper extremities, trunk, and head/neck. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each body region by case group. Intrinsic risk factors (age, sex, activity, ability) will be included in the models. RESULTS: Preliminary results for non-severe cases indicate that the odds of injury for all body regions were lower for those 12+ years old compared with younger participants (OR range 0.07; 95% CI 0.04-0.11 to 0.42; 95% CI 0.24-0.73) and higher for beginners (OR range 1.79; 95% CI 1.01-3.15 to 4.97; 95% CI 2.97-8.32). Overcast weather reduced the odds of any injury (OR range 0.06; 95% CI 0.02-0.18 to 0.44; 95% CI 0.2-0.98), as did increased run difficulty (OR range 0.06; 95% CI 0.02-0.17 to 0.19; 95% CI 0.0-0.54). Skiers had lower odds of upper body injury (ARF OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.2-0.38 & ED OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.21-0.51) compared with snowboarders. CONCLUSIONS: These results will inform the development of an injury prevention program for skiers/snowboarders targeting modifiable risk factors.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-3674",
doi="10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.253",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.253"
}