@article{ref1,
title="Driving with the wandering mind: the effect that mind-wandering has on driving performance",
journal="Human factors",
year="2014",
author="Yanko, Matthew R. and Spalek, Thomas M.",
volume="56",
number="2",
pages="260-269",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The principal objective of the present work was to examine the effects of mind state (mind-wandering vs. on-task) on driving performance in a high-fidelity driving simulator. <br><br>BACKGROUND: Mind-wandering is thought to interfere with goal-directed thought. It is likely, then, that when driving, mind-wandering might lead to impairments in critical aspects of driving performance. In two experiments, we assess the extent to which mind-wandering interferes with responsiveness to sudden events, mean velocity, and headway distance. <br><br>METHOD: Using a car-following procedure in a high-fidelity driving simulator, participants were probed at random times to indicate whether they were on-task at that moment or mind-wandering. The dependent measures were analyzed based on the participant's response to the probe. <br><br>RESULTS: Compared to when on-task, when mind-wandering participants showed longer response times to sudden events, drove at a higher velocity, and maintained a shorter headway distance (close following). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Collectively, these findings indicate that mind-wandering affects a broad range of driving responses and may therefore lead to higher crash risk. APPLICATION: The results suggest that situations that are likely associated with mind-wandering (e.g., route familiarity) can impair driving performance.   Keywords: Driver distraction;<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0018-7208",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}