@article{ref1,
title="Traumatic brain injury as a result of violence in Native American and Black communities spanning from childhood to older adulthood",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2014",
author="Linton, Kristen F. and Kim, Bum Jung",
volume="28",
number="8",
pages="1076-1081",
abstract="Primary objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the aetiology of TBI between different race, gender and age groups to understand demographic characteristics of people who experience TBI. Research design: A secondary data analysis of the Arizona Trauma Database consisting of 18 868 cases of TBI between 2008-2010 was conducted. <br><br>METHODS and procedures: The sample consisted of patients who ranged in age from 0-79 and were White, Black, Native American, Asian or other race. Cross-tabulations, chi-squares and a logistic regression were conducted. Main outcomes and results: Standardized residuals indicated that Native Americans and Blacks were more likely to experience violent TBI, regardless of gender or age group (p < 0.01). The logistic regression indicated that Native Americans (OR = 3.13), Blacks (OR = 1.95) and other race (OR = 1.56) patients had statistically significantly (p < 0.001) higher odds of experiencing violent TBI compared to Whites. In addition, females (OR = 0.40), children (OR = 0.75) and older adults (OR = 0.17) had statistically significantly (p < 0.001) lower odds of violent TBI. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Providers of Native American and Black patients who have experienced violence should encourage them to receive assessments and treatment for TBI.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.3109/02699052.2014.901558",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2014.901558"
}