@article{ref1,
title="Natural history of male psychological health: VIII. Antecedents of alcololism and "orality"",
journal="American journal of psychiatry",
year="1980",
author="Vaillant, G. E.",
volume="137",
number="2",
pages="181-186",
abstract="The author reports a prospective study of the mental health and alcohol use of 184 men first studied during their college years. When the men were 50 years old a rater blind to all other data classified the subjects' alcohol use as little (N = 48), social (N = 110), or abuse (N = 26). The warmth of the men's childhood environment and their personality stability in college were assessed by other raters blind to data on subjects' lives after college. Vignettes identifying &quot;oral&quot; adult behavior (pessimism, self-doubt, passivity, and dependence) were collected for each man by a rater blind to subjects' alcohol use and childhood ratings. Poor childhood, personality instability in college, and adult evidence of personality disorder were correlated with oral-dependent behavior but not with alcohol abuse. The 26 problem drinkers seem to have been depressed and unable to cope as a consequence--not a cause--of their inability to control their alcohol consumption.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-953X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}