@article{ref1,
title="Field measurements and numerical simulation of debris flows from dolomite slopes destabilized during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, pakistan",
journal="Journal of earthquake engineering",
year="2014",
author="Kazmi, Zaheer Abbas and Konagai, Kazuo and Ikeda, Takaaki",
volume="18",
number="3",
pages="364-388",
abstract="A devastating earthquake occurred in Kashmir, Pakistan on October 8, 2005. This earthquake resulted from reactivation of a known active fault later defined as the Balakot-Bagh fault, which caused widespread slope failure throughout its stretch, particularly around Muzaffarabad, the provincial capital of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. This slope failure resulted in a huge amount of debris material which flows in deeply incised creeks during monsoon and hits the inhabitants along the valley in Muzaffarabad. Two GPS measurements are carried out along with channel morphometric parameters and observed changes to investigate the effect of debris flows along these creeks during monsoon. Other than the physical measurements, actual debris flow is simulated using the Depth Average Material Point Method (DAMPM) after carrying out parametric study and calibrating the model for subject topographical and geological settings. The generalized effect of different input parameters of the model on debris flow runout features is studied and discussed in detail. After ensuring validation of the numerical tool, the contribution of a single closed-type check dam to decrease runout intensity to its downstream reach is also investigated for different locations to obtain optimized selection.<p />",
language="en",
issn="1363-2469",
doi="10.1080/13632469.2013.873372",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2013.873372"
}