@article{ref1,
title="Electronic cigarettes: product characterisation and design considerations",
journal="Tobacco control",
year="2014",
author="Brown, Christopher J. and Cheng, James M.",
volume="23",
number="Suppl 2",
pages="ii4-ii10",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To review the available evidence regarding electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) product characterisation and design features in order to understand their potential impact on individual users and on public health. <br><br>METHODS: Systematic literature searches in 10 reference databases were conducted through October 2013. A total of 14 articles and documents and 16 patents were included in this analysis. <br><br>RESULTS: Numerous disposable and reusable e-cigarette product options exist, representing wide variation in product configuration and component functionality. Common e-cigarette components include an aerosol generator, a flow sensor, a battery and a nicotine-containing solution storage area. e-cigarettes currently include many interchangeable parts, enabling users to modify the character of the delivered aerosol and, therefore, the product's 'effectiveness' as a nicotine delivery product. Materials in e-cigarettes may include metals, rubber and ceramics. Some materials may be aerosolised and have adverse health effects. Several studies have described significant performance variability across and within e-cigarette brands. Patent applications include novel product features designed to influence aerosol properties and e-cigarette efficiency at delivering nicotine. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although e-cigarettes share a basic design, engineering variations and user modifications result in differences in nicotine delivery and potential product risks. e-cigarette aerosols may include harmful and potentially harmful constituents. Battery explosions and the risks of exposure to the e-liquid (especially for children) are also concerns. Additional research will enhance the current understanding of basic e-cigarette design and operation, aerosol production and processing, and functionality. A standardised e-cigarette testing regime should be developed to allow product comparisons.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0964-4563",
doi="10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051476",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051476"
}