@article{ref1,
title="Postdiction: its implications on visual awareness, hindsight, and sense of agency",
journal="Frontiers in psychology",
year="2014",
author="Shimojo, Shinsuke",
volume="5",
number="",
pages="196-196",
abstract="There are a few postdictive perceptual phenomena known, in which a stimulus presented later seems causally to affect the percept of another stimulus presented earlier. While backward masking provides a classical example, the flash lag effect stimulates theorists with a variety of intriguing findings. The TMS-triggered scotoma together with &quot;backward filling-in&quot; of it offer a unique neuroscientific case. <br><br>FINDINGS suggest that various visual attributes are reorganized in a postdictive fashion to be consistent with each other, or to be consistent in a causality framework. In terms of the underlying mechanisms, four prototypical models have been considered: the &quot;catch up,&quot; the &quot;reentry,&quot; the &quot;different pathway&quot; and the &quot;memory revision&quot; models. By extending the list of postdictive phenomena to memory, sensory-motor and higher-level cognition, one may note that such a postdictive reconstruction may be a general principle of neural computation, ranging from milliseconds to months in a time scale, from local neuronal interactions to long-range connectivity, in the complex brain. The operational definition of the &quot;postdictive phenomenon&quot; can be applicable to such a wide range of sensory/cognitive effects across a wide range of time scale, even though the underlying neural mechanisms may vary across them. This has significant implications in interpreting &quot;free will&quot; and &quot;sense of agency&quot; in functional, psychophysical and neuroscientific terms.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1664-1078",
doi="10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00196",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00196"
}