@article{ref1,
title="Influence of age of onset on limbic and paralimbic structures in depression",
journal="Psychiatry and the Clinical Neurosciences",
year="2014",
author="Jaworska, Natalia and Macmaster, Frank and Yang, Xiao-Ru and Courtright, Allegra and Pradhan, Sarah and Gaxiola, Ismael and Cortese, Filomeno and Goodyear, Bradley and Ramasubbu, Rajamannar",
volume="68",
number="12",
pages="812-820",
abstract="AIM: Major depressive disorder (MDD) onset during childhood/adolescence is associated with a greater illness burden and distinct clinical profile. However, limited research exists on the effect of age of MDD onset on volumetric abnormalities in para/limbic structures during adulthood. <br><br>METHODS: Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), hippocampus and caudate nucleus volumes were measured by manual tracing in depressed individuals (N=45) and healthy controls (HCs; N=19). Volumetric comparisons were carried out between HCs and MDD patients divided into those with pediatric (≤18 years; N=17) and adult onset (≥19 years; N=28). <br><br>RESULTS: The adult MDD onset group had smaller sgACC volumes than the pediatric onset and HC groups (age, gender controlled). No differences in caudate and hippocampus volumes existed. sgACC and hippocampal volumes were inversely correlated with depression severity. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Surprisingly, pediatric MDD onset was not associated with more pronounced sgACC, hippocampus and caudate volume reductions. Nevertheless, age of illness onset appears to be a meaningful dimension of study in efforts to understand the neurobiological heterogeneity of MDD.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1323-1316",
doi="10.1111/pcn.12197",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12197"
}