@article{ref1,
title="Speech intelligibility in noise: effects of fluency and hearing protector type",
journal="Journal of the Acoustical Society of America",
year="1982",
author="Riko, K. and Haythornthwaite, C. and Alberti, P. W. and Abel, S. M.",
volume="71",
number="3",
pages="708-715",
abstract="This research investigated the effect of car protectors on the intelligibility of speech in noise. Listeners with normal hearing, high-frequency, and flat loss were tested. Half the subjects in each group were fluent in English and half-poorly conversant. Taped lists of 25 words were presented free field under conditions defined by the speech-to-noise ratio, spectrum of noise background, and presence of ear protection. The results showed that intelligibility decreased with speech-to-noise ratio and was poorer in crowd noise than in white noise. The protector had no effect for the normal listener, but caused a substantial decrement in those with impairment. In all groups nonfluency contributed an additional loss of 10% to 20%. Significant differences in performance were noted for different muff and plug types.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-4966",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}