@article{ref1,
title="Longitudinal relations among parents' reactions to children's negative emotions, effortful control, and math achievement in early elementary school",
journal="Child development",
year="2014",
author="Swanson, Jodi and Valiente, Carlos and Lemery-Chalfant, Kathryn and Bradley, Robert H. and Eggum-Wilkens, Natalie D.",
volume="85",
number="5",
pages="1932-1947",
abstract="Panel mediation models and fixed-effects models were used to explore longitudinal relations among parents' reactions to children's displays of negative emotions, children's effortful control (EC), and children's math achievement (N = 291; M age in fall of kindergarten = 5.66 years, SD = .39 year) across kindergarten through second grade. Parents reported their reactions and children's EC. Math achievement was assessed with a standardized achievement test. First-grade EC mediated the relation between parents' reactions at kindergarten and second-grade math achievement, beyond stability in constructs across study years. Panel mediation model results suggested that socialization of EC may be one method of promoting math achievement in early school; however, when all omitted time-invariant covariates of EC and math achievement were controlled, first-grade EC no longer predicted second-grade math achievement.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0009-3920",
doi="10.1111/cdev.12260",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12260"
}