@article{ref1,
title="Assessing characteristics related to the use of seatbelts and cell phones by drivers: application of a bivariate probit model",
journal="Journal of safety research",
year="2014",
author="Russo, Brendan J. and Kay, Jonathan J. and Savolainen, Peter T. and Gates, Timothy J.",
volume="49",
number="",
pages="137.e1-1142",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: The effects of cell phone use and safety belt use have been an important focus of research related to driver safety. Cell phone use has been shown to be a significant source of driver distraction contributing to substantial degradations in driver performance, while safety belts have been demonstrated to play a vital role in mitigating injuries to crash-involved occupants. <br><br>METHOD: This study examines the prevalence of cell phone use and safety belt non-use among the driving population through direct observation surveys. A bivariate probit model is developed to simultaneously examine the factors that affect cell phone and safety belt use among motor vehicle drivers. <br><br>RESULTS: The results show that several factors may influence drivers' decision to use cell phones and safety belts, and that these decisions are correlated. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Understanding the factors that affect both cell phone use and safety belt non-use is essential to targeting policy and programs that reduce such behavior.   Keywords: Driver distraction;<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4375",
doi="10.1016/j.jsr.2014.03.001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2014.03.001"
}