@article{ref1,
title="The iceberg of suicide and self-harm in Irish adolescents: a population-based study",
journal="Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology",
year="2014",
author="McMahon, Elaine M. and Keeley, Helen and Cannon, Mary and Arensman, Ella and Perry, Ivan J. and Clarke, Mary and Chambers, Derek and Corcoran, Paul",
volume="49",
number="12",
pages="1929-1935",
abstract="PURPOSE: Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents. Self-harm is the most important risk factor for suicide, yet the majority of self-harm does not come to the attention of health services. The purpose of this study was to establish the relative incidence of adolescent suicide, hospital-treated self-harm and self-harm in the community. <br><br>METHODS: Annual suicide rates were calculated for 15-17 year-old in the Cork and Kerry region in Ireland based on data from the Central Statistics Office. Rates of hospital-treated self-harm were collected by the Irish National Registry of Deliberate Self-Harm. Rates of self-harm in the community were assessed using a survey of 3,881 adolescents, the Child and Adolescent Self-harm in Europe study. <br><br>RESULTS: The annual suicide rate was 10/100,000. Suicide was six times more common among boys than girls. The annual incidence rate of hospital-treated self-harm was approximately 344/100,000, with the female rate almost twice the male rate. The rate of self-harm in the community was 5,551/100,000, and girls were almost four times more likely to report self-harm. For every boy who died by suicide, 16 presented to hospital with self-harm and 146 reported self-harm in the community. For every female suicide, 162 girls presented to hospital with self-harm and 3,296 reported self-harm. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences in relative rates of self-harm and suicide are very large, with boys who have harmed themselves at particularly high risk of suicide. Knowledge of the relative incidence of self-harm and suicide in adolescents can inform prevention programmes and services.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0933-7954",
doi="10.1007/s00127-014-0907-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0907-z"
}