@article{ref1,
title="Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: cross-national community study",
journal="British journal of psychiatry",
year="2010",
author="Lee, Sing and Tsang, Adley and Kessler, Ronald C. and Jin, Robert and Sampson, Nancy and Andrade, Laura and Karam, Elie G. and Mora, Maria Elena Medina and Merikangas, Kathleen Ries and Nakane, Yoshibumi and Popovici, Daniela Georgeta and Posada-Villa, Jose and Sagar, Rajesh and Wells, J. Elisabeth and Zarkov, Zahari and Petukhova, Maria",
volume="196",
number="3",
pages="217-225",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder in the community is largely unknown. AIMS: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of rapid-cycling and non-rapid-cycling bipolar disorder in a large cross-national community sample. <br><br>METHOD: The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI version 3.0) was used to examine the prevalence, severity, comorbidity, impairment, suicidality, sociodemographics, childhood adversity and treatment of rapid-cycling and non-rapid-cycling bipolar disorder in ten countries (n = 54 257). <br><br>RESULTS: The 12-month prevalence of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder was 0.3%. Roughly a third and two-fifths of participants with lifetime and 12-month bipolar disorder respectively met criteria for rapid cycling. Compared with the non-rapid-cycling, rapid-cycling bipolar disorder was associated with younger age at onset, higher persistence, more severe depressive symptoms, greater impairment from depressive symptoms, more out-of-role days from mania/hypomania, more anxiety disorders and an increased likelihood of using health services. Associations regarding childhood, family and other sociodemographic correlates were less clear cut. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The community epidemiological profile of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder confirms most but not all current clinically based knowledge about the illness.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-1250",
doi="10.1192/bjp.bp.109.067843",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.067843"
}