@article{ref1,
title="The use of physical restraint in the treatment of self-injury and as positive reinforcement",
journal="Journal of applied behavior analysis",
year="1978",
author="Favell, J. E. and McGimsey, J. F. and Jones, M. L.",
volume="11",
number="2",
pages="225-241",
abstract="Two experiments investigated the effects of a treatment package on the self-injurious behavior of three profoundly retarded persons who appeared to enjoy the physical restraints used to prevent their self-injury. The treatment package included physically restraining subjects contingent on increasing periods of time during which no self-injury occurred, and providing them with toys and attention during intervals between restraints. A reversal and multiple-baseline analysis documented that the rapid and complete reduction in self-injury by all subjects was due to this treatment package. Because these results suggested that physical restraint might function as a positive reinforcer, in a third experiment physical restraint was applied contingent on a marble placement response with one subject. A reversal design demonstrated that toy play systematically increased when each response resulted in restraint. The experiments have implications for the nonaversive remediation of self-injury in individuals who are restrained, as well as for the development and maintenance of self-injury in natural settings.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-8855",
doi="10.1901/jaba.1978.11-225",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1978.11-225"
}