@article{ref1,
title="Detection of concussion using cranial accelerometry",
journal="Clinical journal of sport medicine",
year="2014",
author="Auerbach, Paul S. and Baine, Jennifer G. and Schott, Megan L. and Greenhaw, Amy and Acharya, Monika G. and Smith, Wade S.",
volume="25",
number="2",
pages="126-132",
abstract="OBJECTIVE:: To determine whether skull motion produced by pulsatile cerebral blood flow, as measured by cranial accelerometry, is altered during concussion. <br><br>DESIGN:: In phase 1, to identify a specific pattern indicative of concussion, cranial accelerometry of subjects who sustained a concussion underwent analysis of waveforms, which was compared with accelerometry from subjects without a concussion (baseline). In phase 2, this concussion pattern was tested against prospectively acquired, blinded data. SETTING:: High school tackle football practice and game play. PARTICIPANTS:: Eighty-four football players. INTERVENTIONS:: Subjects had accelerometry measurements and concurrent 2-lead electrocardiograms. In players with a concussion, multiple sequential measurements were obtained. Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 was used to assist clinical determination of concussion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:: Whether a characteristic waveform pattern of cranial accelerometry occurs in subjects with concussion. <br><br>RESULTS:: Phase 1 demonstrated a consistent pattern correlated to concussion. Phase 2 found this pattern in 10 of 13 subjects with concussion (76.9% sensitivity). Seventy-nine of 82 baseline plus nine postseason (total = 91) recordings from nonconcussed subjects did not show the concussion pattern (87% specificity). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS:: In subjects with concussion, we observed a unique pattern determined by cranial accelerometry. This may provide a method to noninvasively detect and longitudinally observe concussion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE:: There is no objective, real-time, noninvasive, and easily accessible measure for concussion. If accelerometry is validated, it could provide a critical diagnostic tool for sports medicine physicians.  Keywords: American football; <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1050-642X",
doi="10.1097/JSM.0000000000000117",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000117"
}