@article{ref1,
title="Limit values, the philosophy of establishing limit values",
journal="Acta medica Austriaca",
year="1986",
author="Hofer, R.",
volume="13",
number="4-5",
pages="121-123",
abstract="Both determination and significance of radiation exposure limits are dependent on the respective situation. The simplest case is the determination of limits for direct effect of a clearly defined radiation dose upon organism, which occurs at doses above a value of about 25 rem. Determination and significance of a limiting value for the maximum permissible dose for radiation workers are also obvious; it indicates the calculated increase of risk and its value (5 rem/a) refers to the &quot;tolerated risk&quot; in other professions. An essentially different situation occurs if the radiation doses in question are far below 5 rem/a, as it is the case in consequence of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. In this case there is no opportunity of determining a relation between radiation dose and its effect in a scientific and objective way: the relation is postulated by extrapolation of the calculated values. There are two possible solutions: either determination of the limit as a certain fraction of the limiting value for professional exposure (as it has been practiced in France and Switzerland), or consideration of the ICRP recommendation to keep the limits &quot;as low as reasonably achievable&quot; with regard to social, economical and psychological factors. Austria has chosen this solution. Public information about origin and meaning of these limiting values is a necessary condition to avoid that a value above the limits is considered necessarily harmful.<p /><p>Language: de</p>",
language="de",
issn="0303-8173",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}