@article{ref1,
title="Trajectories of sleep and its predictors in the first year following traumatic brain injury",
journal="Journal of head trauma rehabilitation",
year="2014",
author="Chen, Pin-Yuan and Tsai, Pei-Shan and Chen, Ning-Hung and Chaung, Li-Pang and Lee, Cheng-Chi and Chen, Ching-Chang and Chiu, Hsiao-Ting and Lu, Yu-Jen and Wei, Kuo-Chen and Chiu, Hsiao-Yean",
volume="30",
number="4",
pages="E50-5",
abstract="OBJECTIVES:: To examine how sleep patterns change over the first year following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to determine whether specific demographic and disease characteristics predict the trajectories of sleep. <br><br>DESIGN:: Prospective study. PARTICIPANTS:: Fifty-three patients with first-ever mild to severe TBI. MAIN MEASUREMENTS:: Sleep measured by actigraphy for 7 consecutive days in the first, third, sixth, and twelfth months following TBI: Chinese versions of Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory-II (CBDI-II) measured at the same time points. Data were analyzed with a linear mixed model. <br><br>RESULTS:: Sleep efficiency (the ratio of sleep time to the total time spent in bed) showed a significant upward trend during the study period. Scores on the Chinese version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the CBDI-II as well as the use of analgesics significantly predicted the slope of change in sleep efficiency over time. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS:: Poor sleep efficiency is a common symptom in the first year among patients with first-ever TBI. Healthcare providers should consider both mental health and pain issues when dealing with sleep complaints in patients with TBI.<p/> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-9701",
doi="10.1097/HTR.0000000000000086",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000086"
}