@article{ref1,
title="Empirical Bayes approach for estimating urban deer-vehicle crashes using police and maintenance records",
journal="Journal of transportation engineering",
year="2014",
author="Gkritza, Konstantina and Souleyrette, Reginald R. and Baird, Michael J. and Danielson, Brent J.",
volume="140",
number="2",
pages="e04013002-e04013002",
abstract="Deer-vehicle crashes are a growing problem in Iowa where deer-vehicle crashes represent 13% of all crashes reported. In 2009, these crashes resulted in nine fatalities and 451 injuries in the state. Deer-vehicle crashes are a problem even in urban areas of Iowa. It is known that deer-vehicle crashes are typically underreported. To address this underreporting, deer carcass salvage reports may be used to augment deer-vehicle crash reports. The objective of this paper is to exploit two sources of deer-vehicle crash data using a statistically reliable assessment methodology, empirical Bayes, to assess the potential for safety improvement of 150 urban highway sections in Iowa. Reconciliation of records to reduce double counting is discussed and a negative binomial regression model of deer-vehicle crash frequency as a function of roadway and environmental factors is estimated. The 25 most promising segments for deer-vehicle crash countermeasures are identified, mostly located on high-speed roadways, roadway segments with gravel right shoulders, and segments adjacent to grasslands. The methodology facilitates the identification of locations for countermeasure implementation as well as monitoring deer-vehicle crash trends.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0733-947X",
doi="10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000629",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000629"
}