@article{ref1,
title="General and specific self-esteem in late adolescent students: race x gender x SES effects",
journal="Adolescence",
year="1985",
author="Richman, C. L. and Clark, M. L. and Brown, K. P.",
volume="20",
number="79",
pages="556-566",
abstract="This study assessed the effects of gender, race, and social class on the general and area-specific self-esteem of high school students. One hundred and ninety-five high school students served as subjects in a 2 (gender: male, female) X 2 (race: black, white) X 3 (social class: low, middle and high) factorial design. The Rosenberg General Self-Esteem, the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept, and the Brookover Self-Concept of Ability and School Achievement scales were the measures of either general or specific self-esteem. Females, whites, and lower social class adolescents were consistently lower in their self-esteem scores than were males, blacks, and upper social class teenagers, respectively. White females were found to be lower in general and happiness self-esteem than all other gender by race subgroups. High SES white students were lower on the happiness and behavior self-esteem measures than black students and white middle-class students. Black males and white females were less confident in their school ability than were black females and white males.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-8449",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}