@article{ref1,
title="The underreporting of self-reported symptoms following sports-related concussion",
journal="Journal of science and medicine in sport",
year="2014",
author="Meier, Timothy B. and Brummel, Bradley J. and Singh, Rashmi and Nerio, Christopher J. and Polanski, David W. and Bellgowan, Patrick S. F.",
volume="18",
number="5",
pages="507-511",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: This cohort study was conducted to examine patterns of symptom reporting in concussed athletes in two different testing environments. <br><br>DESIGN: A prospective cohort study was conducted with repeated measures. <br><br>METHODS: Self-reported symptoms collected by team athletic trainers using the ImPACT Post-Concussion Scale (PCS) were compared to symptoms collected in a confidential setting using structured interviews for depression and anxiety. Ratings were scaled to match scoring of the PCS and categorized into symptom-domains. Scores collected 2 days post-concussion were compared across different rating scales. Confidential self-report scores approximately 9 days post-concussion in cleared athletes were compared to PCS scores collected during return-to-play decisions. Finally, confidential self-report scores collected 9 days post-concussion were compared between cleared and not cleared athletes. <br><br>RESULTS: Athletes self-reported significantly fewer symptoms to team athletic trainers using the ImPACT test compared to self-reported symptoms collected in a confidential setting during the acute phase of concussion using standard psychiatric interviews. Athletes cleared to play continued to underreport symptoms 9 days post-concussion, particularly psychiatric symptoms. Finally, cleared athletes self-reported similar magnitude of symptoms than non-cleared athletes 9 days post-concussion in confidential research setting. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The systematic underreporting of post-concussion symptoms may represent motivated behavior or differences in self-reporting data acquisition. By underreporting symptoms, many cleared athletes are still symptomatic over 1-week post-concussion. This study highlights the need for objective measures for somatic and psychiatric symptoms.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1440-2440",
doi="10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.008",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.008"
}