@article{ref1,
title="Socio-ecological factors associated with depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt among female injection drug users who are sex workers in China",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2014",
author="Gu, Jing and Lau, Joseph T. F. and Li, Mingqiang and Li, Haochu and Gao, Qi and Feng, Xianxiang and Bai, Yu and Hao, Chun and Hao, Yuantao",
volume="144",
number="",
pages="102-110",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Female injection drug users who are also sex workers (FSW-IDUs) occupy a pivotal population in HIV transmission, whereas their mental health problems are largely overlooked. We aimed to investigate prevalence and associated socio-ecological factors of depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among FSW-IDUs in China. <br><br>METHODS: Using snowball sampling methods, 200 FSW-IDUs were recruited from communities in Liuzhou, China. Anonymous face-to-face interviews were administered by trained doctors. <br><br>RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of participants had severe or extremely severe depression, 44.7% had suicidal ideation in the last six months and 26.8% had suicidal attempts in the last six months. After adjusting for background variables, self-stigma was significantly associated with severe or extremely severe depression (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31). Self-stigma (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15), depression (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.18), having completely broken up with family (OR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.35-5.02) and having been abused by clients or gatekeepers (OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.32-3.50) were associated with suicidal ideation in the last six months, while self-stigma (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.10-1.16), depression (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.20) and being abused by clients or gatekeepers (OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.09-4.24) were associated with suicidal attempt in the last six months. In mediation analyses, the associations between self-stigma and the two suicidal outcomes were fully mediated by depression. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There are unmet mental health needs of FSW-IDUs. Screening of mental health problems should be integrated into current HIV-related services. Psychological intervention efforts should include components such as self-stigma, family support and abuse.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.011",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.011"
}