@article{ref1,
title="Causal pathways between impulsiveness, cocaine use consequences, and depression",
journal="Addictive behaviors",
year="2014",
author="Lister, Jamey J. and Ledgerwood, David M. and Lundahl, Leslie H. and Greenwald, Mark K.",
volume="41C",
number="",
pages="1-6",
abstract="AIMS: The present study examined whether lifetime cocaine use consequences mediate the relationship between trait impulsiveness and current depression symptoms among regular cocaine users. <br><br>METHODS: Regular cocaine users (N=108) were assessed using: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale subscales (non-planning, attentional, motor sub-scales) to measure trait impulsiveness; a standardized Drug History and Use Questionnaire to measure cocaine use and related consequences; and Beck Depression Inventory to measure current depression symptoms. <br><br>RESULTS: All impulsiveness subscales were positively associated with an earlier age of first cocaine use, a higher degree of current depression symptoms and a greater number of lifetime cocaine use consequences. In three separate simple mediation tests, lifetime cocaine use consequences partially mediated the relationship between each of the impulsiveness subscales (non-planning: R(2)=.42; attentional: R(2)=.40; motor: R(2)=.24) and current depression symptoms. Separate moderated mediation analyses failed to demonstrate an interaction between lifetime cocaine use and cocaine-related consequences predicting depression symptoms for the mediation models. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Cocaine-related consequences function in a more nuanced manner than just an outcome of impulsiveness or cocaine use, but as a pathway between trait impulsiveness and current depression symptoms.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-4603",
doi="10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.017",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.017"
}