@article{ref1,
title="Patterns of alcohol consumption in the older population of Spain, 2008-2010",
journal="Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics",
year="2014",
author="León-Muñoz, Luz M. and Galan, Inaki and Donado-Campos, Juan and Sánchez-Alonso, Fernando and López-García, Esther and Valencia-Martín, José L. and Guallar-Castillón, Pilar and Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando",
volume="115",
number="2",
pages="213-224",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Older adults are a growing segment of the European population and alcohol is an important cause of disease burden; thus, it is noteworthy that little information is available on alcohol intake among older adults in Europe. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine alcohol consumption patterns and their association with demographic and clinical variables in the older population of Spain. <br><br>DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: The sample included 3,058 individuals, representative of the Spanish population aged ≥60 years during 2008-2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Regular alcohol consumption was measured with a validated diet history questionnaire. The threshold between moderate and heavy drinking was ≥40 g alcohol/day in men (≥24 g in women). Binge drinking was defined as intake of ≥80 g alcohol in men (≥60 g in women) during any drinking occasion in the previous month, and problem drinking by a CAGE score ≥2. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: The prevalence and 95% CI of the drinking patterns were calculated after accounting for sampling design. <br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate drinking was 44.3% (95% CI 42.0% to 46.6%) and of heavy drinking was 7.8% (95% CI 6.7% to 8.9%). In total, 68.4% (95% CI 65.7% to 71.2%) of individuals obtained >80% of alcohol from wine and 61.8% (95% CI 58.9% to 64.6%) drank only with meals. Furthermore, 1% (95% CI 0.6% to 1.4%) showed binge drinking and 3.1% (95% CI 2.3% to 3.8%) showed problem drinking. Heavy alcohol consumption was significantly more frequent in men. Moderate alcohol consumption was significantly less frequent among women, persons who were not married, living alone, with a diagnosis of diabetes, receiving treatment for diabetes, and with suboptimal self-rated health. About 5% to 10% of individuals with diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease showed heavy drinking. Among those taking sleeping pills or antidiabetes or antithrombotic treatment, 37% to 46% had moderate alcohol intake and 5% to 8% had heavy intake. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol consumption among older adults in Spain is frequent and mostly consistent with the traditional Mediterranean drinking pattern. However, a proportion of individuals were heavy drinkers and used medication that may interact with alcohol.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2212-2672",
doi="10.1016/j.jand.2014.08.017",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.08.017"
}