@article{ref1,
title="Girls' childhood trajectories of disruptive behavior predict adjustment problems in early adolescence",
journal="Journal of child psychology and psychiatry",
year="2014",
author="van der Molen, Elsa and Blokland, Arjan A. J. and Hipwell, Alison E. and Vermeiren, Robert R. J. M. and Doreleijers, Theo A. H. and Loeber, Rolf",
volume="56",
number="7",
pages="766-773",
abstract="BACKGROUND: It is widely recognized that early onset of disruptive behavior is linked to a variety of detrimental outcomes in males, later in life. In contrast, little is known about the association between girls' childhood trajectories of disruptive behavior and adjustment problems in early adolescence. <br><br>METHODS: This study used nine waves of data from the ongoing Pittsburgh Girls Study. A semiparametric group-based model was used to identify trajectories of disruptive behavior in 1,513 girls from age 6 to 12 years. Adjustment problems were characterized by depression, self-harm, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), substance use, interpersonal aggression, sexual behavior, affiliation with delinquent peers, and academic achievement at ages 13 and 14. <br><br>RESULTS: Three trajectories of childhood disruptive behavior were identified: low, medium, and high. Girls in the high group were at increased risk for depression, self-harm, PTSD, illegal substance use, interpersonal aggression, early and risky sexual behavior, and lower academic achievement. The likelihood of multiple adjustment problems increased with trajectories reflecting higher levels of disruptive behavior. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Girls following the high childhood trajectory of disruptive behavior require early intervention programs to prevent multiple, adverse outcomes in adolescence and further escalation in adulthood.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-9630",
doi="10.1111/jcpp.12339",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12339"
}