@article{ref1,
title="Wilderness challenge programs for delinquent youth: a meta-analysis of outcome evaluations",
journal="Evaluation and program planning",
year="2000",
author="Wilson, Suzanne J. and Lipsey, Mark W.",
volume="23",
number="1",
pages="1-12",
abstract="Evaluations of wilderness challenge programs were meta-analyzed to assess the impact on delinquent behavior. The overall mean effect size for delinquency outcomes was 0.18 (N=22), equivalent to a recidivism rate of 29% for program participants vs 37% for comparison subjects. Program length was not related to outcome among short-term programs (up to 6 weeks) but extended programs (over 10 weeks) showed smaller effects overall. However, the most influential program characteristics were the intensity of the physical activities and whether the program included a distinct therapeutic component. Programs involving relatively intense activities or with therapeutic enhancements produced the greatest reductions in delinquent behavior.<p />",
language="",
issn="0149-7189",
doi="10.1016/S0149-7189(99)00040-3",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-7189(99)00040-3"
}