@article{ref1,
title="Relative risk of injury from acute alcohol consumption: modeling the dose-response relationship in emergency department data from 18 countries",
journal="Addiction",
year="2014",
author="Cherpitel, Cheryl J. and Ye, Yu and Bond, Jason C. and Borges, Guilherme L. G. and Monteiro, Maristela",
volume="110",
number="2",
pages="279-288",
abstract="AIMS: To update and extend analysis of the dose-response relationship of injury and drinking by demographic and injury subgroups and country-level drinking pattern, and examine the validity and efficiency of the fractional polynomial approach to modeling this relationship. <br><br>DESIGN: Pair-matched case-crossover analysis of drinking prior to injury, using categorical step-function and fractional polynomial analysis. SETTING: 37 emergency departments (EDs) across 18 countries. PARTICIPANTS: 13,119 injured drinkers arriving at the ED within six hours of the event. MEASUREMENTS: The dose-response relationship was analyzed by gender, age, cause of injury (traffic, violence, fall, other), and country detrimental drinking pattern (DDP). <br><br>FINDINGS: Estimated risks were similar between the two analytic methods, with injury risk doubling at one drink (OR = 2.3 - 2.7) and peaking at about 30 drinks. Although risk was similar for males and females up to three drinks (OR = 4.6), it appeared to increase more rapidly for females and was significantly higher starting from 20 drinks (female OR = 28.6; CI (16.8, 48.9); male OR = 12.8; CI (10.1, 16.3)). No significant differences were found across age groups. Risk was significantly higher for violence-related injury than for other causes across the volume range. Risk was also higher at all volumes for DDP-3 compared with DDP-2 countries. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There is an increasing risk relationship between alcohol and injury, but risk is not uniform across gender, cause of injury, or country drinking pattern. The fractional polynomial approach is a valid and efficient approach for modeling the alcohol-injury risk relationship.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0965-2140",
doi="10.1111/add.12755",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12755"
}