@article{ref1,
title="Pediatric magnet ingestions: the dark side of the force",
journal="American journal of surgery",
year="2014",
author="Brown, Julie C. and Otjen, Jeffrey P. and Drugas, George T.",
volume="207",
number="5",
pages="754-9; discussion 759",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Pediatric magnet ingestions are increasing. Commercial availability of rare-earth magnets poses a serious health risk. This study defines incidence, characteristics, and management of ingestions over time. <br><br>METHODS: Cases were identified by searching radiology reports from June 2002 to December 2012 at a children's hospital and verified by chart and imaging review. Relative risk (RR) regressions determined changes in incidence and interventions over time. <br><br>RESULTS: In all, 98% of ingestions occurred since 2006; 57% involved multiple magnets. Median age was 8 years (range 0 to 18); 0% of single and 56% of multiple ingestions required intervention. Compared with 2007 to 2009, ingestions increased from 2010 to 2012 (RR = 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 3.0). Intervention proportion was unchanged (RR =.94, 95% confidence interval.4 to 2.2). Small spherical magnets comprised 26.8% of ingestions since 2010; 86% involved multiple magnets and 47% required intervention. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric magnet ingestions and interventions have increased. Multiple ingestions prompt more imaging and surgical interventions. Magnet safety standards are needed to decrease risk to children.  Keywords: Multiple magnet ingestion<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-9610",
doi="10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.12.028",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.12.028"
}